The transfer of infectious microorganisms between patient, doctor and auxiliary staff is called ‘cross infection’. Due to the applications and materials used in prosthetic treatments, prosthodontists, nurses and dental technicians come up against several infections which can be transmitted from patients. The delivery of dental impressions, obtained from patients during prosthetic applications, without disinfection leads to cross contamination between clinic and dental laboratory. To prevent contamination, disinfection of dental impressions is recommended. However, disinfection methods and disinfectants can affect the characteristics of dental impression materials. The aim of this paper is to review the disinfection of dental impressions and the effects of disinfectants on dental impressions in the light of previous studies.

Protection of the remaining tooth structure for long term success after root canal treatment, preserving the ferrule effect around the root and adhesion of root canal post are considered as the most important factors. Long term success of fiber posts bonded with adhesive systems is associated with the bio-mimetic nature of posts reducing vertical fractures. While the most encountered reason of failure in metal posts is root fracture, post decementation is also in fiber posts. Root canal morphology, preparation of post space, translucency of post and the adhesive cement type are some of the many factors affecting adhesion of fiber posts. The most reliable results in fiber post cementation are obtained with dual cure resin cements combined with acid-etched, rinsed adhesives. Silanization following silica coating takes a great place in post cementation. It was shown in studies that fiber posts could be used as an alternative to metal posts and zirconia posts used in root canal treated teeth like other tooth coloured posts. Composite posts among contemporary fiber-reinforced post systems, zirconia posts and content of polyethylene fiber posts, their adhesion to root canal and dentine and studies performed about these posts were evaluated in this review.

INTRODUCTION: Dental emergencies for children are frequently encountered. This study aims to understand the reasons behind the dental emergencies for children with Acute Lenfoblastic Leukemia.
METHODS: The study included 32 children who had been diagnosed with ALL at different geographical regions in Turkey and receiving treatment at different centers in Samsun and their parents. The children were divided into three age groups by stages. The complaints were divided into four groups as tooth decay, dental trauma, oral pathology, and problem of pedodontic appliances. A questionnaire about the children’s teeth brushing habits, daily sugar consumption, education and income level was filled out by the parents.
RESULTS: The average age of the children was 5,8 years with 55% having primary, 31% mix and 14% permanent dentition. For 74% of the children, the dental emergency visit was their first dental experience as remarked by their parents. The reasons for dental emergency visits were pain due to pulpitis, gingival enlargement, fistula, selulite extra oral abscess and trauma respectively.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It is highly recommended that children are referred to a dentist as soon as they receive an ALL diagnosis in order to continue their antineoplastic treatment without interruptions and prevent lessening the quality of life while undergoing this treatment.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study to analyze the behaviour and attitude of parents towards dental treatment, oral hygiene and dietary habits of their children with ADHD.
METHODS: 145 children diagnosed with ADHD according to DSM-IV and their parents were included in this study. The parents were asked to fill out a questionnaire about education level, dental experiences, oral hygiene practices and the dietary habits of their children, oral hygiene practices and dental experiences. The results were analyzed with Spearman rank correlation test statistically.
RESULTS: It was found that 29% of the children had dental treatment, 38% of which were done under general anesthesia. 62% of the parents were under the impression that general dentist did not have enough knowledge about ADHD. 42% of the parents were aware of tooth decay factors and 20% of them knew about preventative methods. There was a positive correlation between the DMFT values of the children and their parents while a significant negative correlation was observed between the education level and DMFT values versus frequency of dental visits.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Dentist and psychiatric should cooperate as soon as the child is diagnosed with ADHD and the parents should be informed about the oral hygiene and dietary habits.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study is to study the effect of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) on dental age by comparing the same in healthy children.
METHODS: 47 ALL patients aged between 4-14 years and 47 healthy children of the same age and sex composed the study group. Dental age of the patients was determined by Demirjian method using panoramic radiographs taken for dental purposes. To minimize the error, each radiograph was evaluated by two dentists. To determine the difference between the groups independent T-test was done. Statistical significance level was chosen as p<0.05.
RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between genders in both groups in dental and chronological age, obtained from the panoramic radiographs using Demirjian method. Dental age of the children with ALL treatment was found to be statistically higher than that of the control group. For the group of patients who had both chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the dental age was observed to be higher when compared to the dental age of the group who had chemotherapy only, but the difference was found to be not statistically significant.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It is found that chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatments affected the dental age of children who had ALL treatment.

The aim of the present case presentation was to evaluate the treatment outcome of two-apexification methods to treat incisor teeth which were previously treated surgically involving the apical thirds but poorly healed either after orthograde or retrograde endodontic treatment after 2-years. In the first case report, apical hard tissue barrier was formed using mineral trioxit aggregate (MTA), and calcium hidroxide was used regarding the same reason in the second case. Both cases were followed for two-years and teeth were asymptomatic clinically and in addition periodontal tissues were healthy and in function.

Objectives: The aim of this unique report was to evaluate the long term outcome of an aggressive central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) lesion by using surgical removal and corticosteroid injection technique.CGCG is an uncommon benign bony lesion that occurs in the mandible and maxilla. Methods: A 14 year-old female was admitted to our clinic with a complaint of hard swelling in the left maxillary anterior vestibule cortex. The lesion was surgically removed by enucleation which was carried out under local anesthesia. Histological investigation revealed a diagnosis of central giant cell granuloma. Patient’s recovery was uneventful. During follow-up for eight months, the mass was opened and deep curettage was performed. After that, at same séance, corticosteroids was injected. The injection was repeated at the same rate once a week for 6 following weeks. Results: At the follow-up examination after seven years, lesion and left maxillary canine were stable and asymptomatic. There was no recurrence of lesion. Conclusion: Surgical removal combined with intralesional corticosteroid injection is a promising treatment approach for CGCG, and it can be suggested to reduce the recurrence of the lesion.