This review presents the historical evolution of mini screws and summarizes the principles of applications regarding screw sizes, application sites and fundamental placement methods.

Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) have the potential to give diagnostic information regarding periodontal health or disease status. GCF collection is a non-invasive, objective and site-specific assessment that can be used for diagnostic purposes. GCF measures are also highly sensitive to sampling techniques. It gives different collection methods to evaluate GCF volume and contents. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. A ideal GCF sampling protocol does not exist at the present time. In recent years, the need of an ideal GCF sampling strategy is frequently mentioned. The need for standardization of some factors with the potential for altering volume and content are frequently underlined. Some of these factors are depended on sampling procedures, methods of evaluation of the amount of fluid collected and environmental (evaporation, room humidity and temperature) factors.
This review has the purpose to evaluate the factors which has the potential to affect a accurate sampling.

The scientific literature during the last ten years has seen an increase in the number of reports claiming links for genetic polymorphisms with a variety of medical diseases, particularly chronic immune and inflammatory conditions. Recently, periodontal researchs have contributed to this growth area. These new researchs effect the understanding of the genome which, in turn, has permitted the functional relationships of gene products with each other and with environmental agents to be understood. As a result of this knowledge explosion, it is evident that there is a genetic basis for most diseases, including periodontitis. This realization has fostered the idea that if we can understand the genetic basis of diseases, genetic tests to assess disease risk and to develop etiology-based treatments will soon be reality. Consequently, it is important to identify the allelic variants of genes that can be used to assess disease risk for periodontal diseases.

OBJECTIVE: In the study, effectiveness of some periodontal examination methods, which are routinely utilized in the clinical assessments, as periimplant diagnostics were evaluated by comparing the correlations amongst them.
METHODS: Fiftyfour implants and teeth that were matched to be in the same mouth, same jaw and symmetrical or correspondingly were included in the study. Silness-Löe plaque index (PI), Löe-Silness gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), pocket depth (PD), attachment level (AL) and gingival crevicular fluid volume (GCFV)/perimplant sulcular fluid volume (PISFV) were utilized as the study parameters.
RESULTS: There were positive correlations between PI and GI, PI and PD, PI and GCFV; GI and BOP, GI and PD, GI and AL, GI and GCFV; BOP and GCFV; PD and AL, PD and GCFV in the tooth group (p<0.05). The positive correlations were between PI and GI, PI and BOP; GI and BOP, GI and PISFV; PD and AL, PD and PISFV; AL and PISFV in the implant group (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION: These results reveal that the positive correlations amongst some periodontal examination methods may also be valid when they are used as periimplant diagnostics. This finding confirms that periimplant diseases resemble the periodontal disease progression processes.

Partial pulpotomy is a pulp therapy in which a portion of damaged and inflamed coronal pulp tissue is removed surgically.
A 22-year-old female suffering from profound caries defect in her mandibular second molar was referred to our clinic. Tooth responded within normal limits to electrical pulp tests. No history of spontaneous pain, mobility or tenderness to percussion was noted.
Radiographic examination revealed an enlargement towards the periodontal ligament of the tooth. It was diagnosed as hyperplastic pulpitis.
A local anesthetic without vasoconstrictor was applied to the tooth. MTA was placed over the amputated pulp tissue and covered temporarily with zinc oxide–eugenol cement. The patient was re-called after 24 hours to asses if there was any sense of postoperative pain caused by the treated tooth. No postoperative sensitivity was noted. The temporary restoration was removed under aseptic conditions; MTA was then covered with glass ionomer cement. In the same appointment, the tooth was restored with composite resin.
Examinations 1 year after the treatment revealed success with the observance of normal function, aesthetics with a vital pulp and healthy surrounding periodontal structures.
MTA may be useful as a substitute for calcium hydroxide in pulpotomy procedures of permanent molars with hyperplastic pulpitis.

The replacement of single tooth could be performed with an oral implant,adhesive bridges and conventional of fixed porcelain-fused to metal prosthesis.In recent years; fiber reinforced bridge restorations see more demands according to metal supported restorations.In this alternative treatment, not making preparation; minimizes the risk of dentin sensivitiy and periodontal tissue inflammation.These restorations often preferable because of the advantages of economical,a reversible form of treatment,short and easy chairside and laboratory procedures.
In the article, It was presented that three fiber reinforced adhesive bridge case report, which we prepare in the maxillar lateral tooth loses. No failure was occured in all restorations after one-year follow up period.

Mandibular fractures in the pediatric population are uncommon. The conservative treatment is in most cases advocated before the use of internal rigid fixation with plates and screws because they have a negative effect on skeletal growth and unerupted teeth. Knowledge of conservative and less invasive treatment options is essential in order to minimize these potential risks. This article presents two pediatric patients who were managed acrylic splints constructed on the mandibular plaster models and fixed in place with circummandibular wires. The splints were left in place for 3 weeks and the patients were successfully treated.