The success of dental treatment is determnined on the basis of functional and esthetic results. The most important factor that influences an esthetic smile is the color of the teeth. Patients having dental treatment are increasingly seeking for brighter and whiter teeth. The dentist should determine the correct tooth color estimating the patient’s will, the physical and psychological aspects of the patient; and prepare the restoration according to the determined color or inform the dental technician. However there are many factors that may influence the determination of the correct color. The aim of this review is to compile these factors.

Removable dentures in fully edentulous cases may cause some clinical problems such as inaduquate retension or stability and excessive supportive bone loss due to unbalanced stres distribution. In order to prevent these problems implant supported overdentures are confirmed to be primary treatment alternetive. To provide retention for overdentures some mechanisms such as ball attachments, bar-klip, magnet retained system might be used. In this review long term clinical success of various attachments was evaluated for with some cases in fully edentulous cases.

Infective endocarditis is a microbial disorder developing with the influence of microorganisms and has a critical importance due to its high morbidity and mortality rates. In such cases, oral bacteria may disseminate to the blood circulation during dental treatments or daily hygiene activities and then unwilling results may occur. The purpose of this review article is to address the current modality in antibiotic prophylaxis which aims to prevent infective endocarditis.

A biomaterial is any material, consisting of one or more natural or synthetic non-medicinal substances, which are used for curing, augmenting complete living structure or one of its systems; replacing an original function of a tissue, organ or body. During selection of a restorative material, a dentist can choose only one of the basic materials, or prefer an option which consists of a combination of various materials. Biomaterials can interact with their environment, when they get into contact with living tissues and physiological fluids. According to Hench, biomaterials can be categorized into three groups in accordance with their interactions with tissues as Inert biomaterials, Resorbable biomaterials and Bioactive Biomaterials. Due to their tissue interactions, bioactivity and antimicrobial features, biomaterials have a diverse range of applications in dentistry and medicine.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of hydrodynamic-activation and conventional-irrigation on final-irrigation process, in the removal of debris/smear layer from the canal walls, and the level of erosion, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
METHODS: Thirty-two extracted lower premolar teeth were enlarged to #F3 with ProTaper® rotary-system. The canals were irrigated with 2.6% NaOCl using dental-cannula, at each change of instrument. Teeth were divided into 3-groups (2 for controls). Group1: RinsEndo; Group2: EndoEze irrigator-tip; Group3: dental-cannula. To remove smear layer; 1-ml 17% EDTA+ 1-ml 5.25% NaOCl + 2.5-ml distilled-water were applied with each irrigation device. Teeth were de-coronated. Specimens were then separated longitudinally and examined with SEM. Statistical analyzes were done by using Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon signed-rank-test (p= 0.05).
RESULTS: All of the regimens found to be effective due to debris/smear removal and caused dentinal erosion (p<0.05). RinsEndo system was more efficient in cleaning the coroner and middle thirds. However, dental-cannula showed the least efficacy in the apical-1/3 (p>0.05). In the coroner-1/3, EndoEze irrigator-tip caused more dentinal erosion (p<0.05). On the other hand, RinsEndo caused more erosion in the middle and apical-1/3 (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION: RinsEndo hydrodynamic rinsing-system led to improve the efficacy of irrigation solutions for cleaning, but caused more erosion.

OBJECTIVE: To compare different irrigation techniques according to the penetration ability of the dyed solutions into dentinal tubules.
METHODS: Thirty-two extracted lower premolar teeth’s root canals were enlarged to #F3 with ProTaper® rotary system. Teeth were divided into 3 groups and 2 teeth were separated for controls. Group1: RinsEndo; Group2: EndoEze irrigator tip; Group3: dental cannula. NaOCl (2,6%) was colored with fuchsine acid and each group (n=10) was irrigated with the mixture. Teeth were de-coronated. Specimens were then separated into 3 sections. The penetration depth of dye into dentinal tubules was measured by two observers using a stereomicroscope. The dye-penetrated and the total area of the dentin samples’ were recorded in mm2 by means of a computer program. The diameter of the root canal space was extracted from these values. Differences between the groups were statistically analyzed by using ANOVA and Scheffe’s test (p= 0.05).
RESULTS: Eventhough, all of the regimens found to be effective according to the dye penetration, no statistically significant difference was observed between the techniques’ efficacy (p>0.05).
CONCLUSION: RinsEndo hydrodynamic rinsing system led to no statistically recognizable results than needle irrigation techniques considering to the dye marked rinsing solution into dentin, under laboratory conditions.

Scleroderma is a rare, chronic disorder of connective tissue. Collagen and elastic fibers in the patients' skin and subcutaneous connective tissue increase and skin hardens. Tense and rigid structure of the skin cause inability to open mouth and microstomie. The inside of the mouth’s dry structure, because of the damaged salivary glands, makes it difficult to maintain oral and dental health. Ankylosing Spondilitis is a painful, progressive and rheumatical disease. It mainly affects the spine, although other joints, and ligaments and may also affect the beam. Ankylosing Spondilitis generally leads to osteoporosis. It is diffucult to take impresssion from a patient who has microstomie. Especially, when removable partial denture is required, adaptation and preparing of prothesis is not easy for clinician. Sectional and collapsible dentures have been described forthese patients. In this case the construction of two pieces of maxillary removable partial denture is explained for a patient who has scleroderma ankylosing spondilitis.

Hereditary enamel dysplasia, which is characterized by failure in quality or complete lack of dental enamel structure caused by the improper differentation of ameloblasts, affects patients negatively in terms of esthetics, functionality and psychology. While insufficient crown heights require gingival operation, the loss of vertical height due to enamel layer’s destruction is resolved with prosthetic restoration. In this study, the prosthetic rehabilitation of a seventeen-year-old male patient having an amelogenesis imperfecta type congenital defect, with conventional metal-ceramic single crowns in the posterior area and full ceramic restorations prepared by using multilayer glass ceramic blocks with computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) in the anterior region has been explained. In cases which has amelogenesis imperfecta type of congenital defect, the production of restorations which had perfect accuracy with the materials used together with the CAD/CAM system and esthetics were achieved, whereas the increase of tissue destruction was prevented by prosthetic restorations. Positive response of the patient to the treatment in terms of esthetics, functionality and psychology was observed during the controls conducted after one year.