Mechanical supragingival plaque control is the most rational and efficient method for prevention of periodontal disease. Sometimes plaque removal couldn’t be done by the patient efficiently. Thus, need exists for adjunctive methods of mechanical plaque removal that are simple inexpensive convenient for use. Many kinds of chemical substances have been investigated. Major problem of these substances is relative short contact time between active agent and teeth and existence of negative side effects.
Generally chemical plaque agents have been using in mouthwashes, gels and dentifrices. In some situations application of mouthwashes and dentifrices can be difficult. Therefore different approches for oral health-care have been needed.
Chewing-gum is habit practise applied on regular basis by many people in many countries. This application has lot of benefits to dental health. The effects of gum-chewing include cleansing food debris and plaque from teeth, stimulating salivary flow, increasing pH of saliva and plaque, reducing gingivitis and periodontitis. Chewing-gums containing antiplaque and antimicrobial agents for adjunctive tool to daily oral health-care have been tested in several studies.
The aim of this article is to review available literature pertaining to the effects of chewing-gums on periodontal health.

This review has discussed the prevalence of dental trauma, the recognition and prevention of traumatic injuries, the implications of dental trauma for patients requiring orthodontic treatment, orthodontic treatment for dental injuries and the management for poor prognosis anterior teeth. This paper has focused on the factors the orthodontic specialist should consider when contemplating movement of traumatized teeth. Treatment options can be split into maintaining the failing tooth or extraction and restoration of the edentulous gap. The role of an interdisciplinary team in managing this clinical situation is essential to obtain optimal results and an orthodontist is an essential member. When extraction and restoration of edentulous gap is required, autotransplantation, orthodontic space closure or opening (site development) are discussed.

Dental erosion is the loss of dental hard tissues not involving caries lesions. It is defined as a progressive and irreversible process. Intrinsic and extrinsic acids are the mainly etiologic factors of dental erosion. Diet, work environment and endogenous source can be related to these acids. It was shown that there is significantly more erosion in low socioeconomic population. It is fundamental to diagnose the possible risk factors such that preventive measures can be iniated. Otherwise complex and expensive restorative care will be the necessity. The aim of this article is to review the etiologies of dental erosion and provide recommendations for diagnosis and management of this problem.

It is reported that crowded teeth and jaw discrepancies are not always hereditary, but can be caused by the way a child swallows and breathes. Facial growth depends on right function and breathing. The soft tissues control dental position and should be treated in conjunction with any orthodontic appliance therapy. Trainer system is improved for tooth eruption guidance and correction of myofunctional habits.
All appliances are designed to actively retrain the mode of the tongue, the peri-oral muscles of the mouth, correct breathing habits, and align the anterior dentition. In the mixed dentition this greatly assists with both dental and facial development. In this review is emphasized on the features and indications of the T4K, T4A, T4B, T4CII, lingua and infant trainer.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the airway capacity of the Class II patients with hypodiverdivergent and hyperdivergent growth patterns and evaluate their predisposition to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.
METHODS: The study material consisted of lateral cephalograms taken from 25 hypodivergent and 27 hyperdivergent patients with Class II anomalies. The control group consisted of radiographs of 25 normal individuals without airway obstruction complaints. The mean age for hypodivergent and hyperdivergent groups were 16.2 ± 2.2 and 15.8 ± 3.5 years, respectively. The mean age for the control group was 16.5± 0.34 years. The Class II patient selection criteria for vertical growth type were; Go-Gn-SN angle, Y axis, FMA angle and rotio of lower facial height to upper facial height. Two-way anova test was used for the statistical evaluation of the study.
RESULTS: The results showed that the airways of hyperdivergent patients were found to be narrower than the hypodivergent patients (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION: One of the important etiologic factors of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is the constricted dimensions of the airway of the hyperdivergent Class II patients, and this can predispose them to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

Radiation-induced microvascular damage results in bony hypoxia, which can result in necrosis or fracture. Insufficiency (spontaneous) fractures are uncommon and they are observed mostly in postradiotherapy period. These fractures can be confused both clinically and radiographically with metastatic diseases. Increased awareness of these fractures may help to avoid unnecessary investigations and treatments. After the radiotherapy treatment, the routine radiological and clinical follow-ups is mandatory to prevent such complications, and the dentist has a fundamental role in this context. In this article, we present a case of fracture of the condyle of the mandible following radiotherapy in a man.

Lipomas are common benign soft tissue neoplasm of mature adipose tissue; however they are relatively uncommon in the oral and maxillofacial region. In the oral cavity they present as a slow growing, painless, asymptomatic yellowish submucosal masses. Histologically, lipomas can be classified in to the following microscopic subtypes: simple lipomas, fibrolipomas, spindle cell lipomas, intramuscular or infiltrating lipoms, salivary gland lipomas, myxoid lipomas, and atypical lipomas. Among these variants myxoid lipomas are relatively rare found in the oral cavity. Treatment procedure is surgical excision and recurrence is not expected. In this case series, the clinical and histopathological features 4 cases of oral lipomas with different localisation are discussed with a literature review.