INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to evaluate the translucency and color change of two computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) blocks after subjected to mechanic polishing, coffee staining, and prophylactic paste polishing procedures.
METHODS: 26 specimens (n=13) were obtained from each CAD/CAM block (Cerasmart A2-HT; GC, Initial-LRF, A2-HT: GC). Color change values were evaluated after subjected to mechanic polishing, coffee staining, and prophylactic polishing procedures. Data were analyzed by a Shapiro-Wilk normality test and the translucency and color change values were evaluated statistically with Friedman test. Mann Whitney-U test was used to determine the statistical significance between the Cerasmart and Initial-LRF in terms of translucency and color change (α=.05).
RESULTS: For baseline measurements and after mechanic polishing measurement, the mean translucency value of the Cerasmart was significantly higher than Initial-LRF (p<0.05). In Cerasmart and Initial-LRF groups, coffee storage significantly increased the color change value, polishing with a prophylactic paste significantly decreased the color change value (p<0.05).

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Cerasmart, showed higher discoloration rate in coffee than Initial-LRF, and the translucency values of both Cerasmart and Initial-LRF specimens stored in the coffee solution decreased. Also, polishing with a prophylactic paste can be recommended.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate the position of the hyoid bone in individuals with skeletal Class 3 malpositions of the hyoid bone in individuals with skeletal Class 1 position.
METHODS: We measured 90 individuals lateral cephalometric radiographs who have skeletal Class 1 and Class 3 malpositions. Markings and measurements of radiographs were performed using Vistadent OC software program. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for multiple-group comparisons and Tukey HSD test was used for Post-hoc binary comparisons.
RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference in the measurements of H-SN,H-FH,H-OD,HS,HA,HN,H-APW,H-PNS,H-Cd,C3-HS,H-C3-S. In the sagittal direction, a statistically significant difference was observed between the normal and retrognathie groups and the lowest value was in the retrognathie group. Hyoid bone body was found to be located higher in the girls of retrognathie group compared to the prognathie and normal group.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Class 1 and Class 3 skeletal patterns do not affect the distance of the hyoid bone to the cervical column and the tip of the jaw. The hyoid bone is positioned higher in the vertical direction in the girls of retrognathie group compared to the prognathie group and the normal group and also, counterclockwise rotation was seen.

INTRODUCTION: Squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most frequent malignancy. This article aimed to evaluate the survival rates of dental implants placed in squamous cell carcinoma patients after microvascular free flap reconstructive surgery with a minimum follow up of twelve months after implant insertion.
METHODS: The study population included squamous cell carcinoma patients that received dental implants after reconstructive surgery with microvascular free flaps. The survival rates of dental implants were evaluated as a criteria for success. All postoperative and prosthetic complications were additionally assessed.
RESULTS: The study population consisted of 10 patients with a total of 36 dental implants. Mean follow up of the patients after reconstructive surgery was 64.65 (mean±SD 15.42) months and mean follow-up after implant insertion was 37.30 (mean± SD 14.36) months. Overall implant survival rate was 97.2 %. One implant was lost at 15 months after placement due to carsinoma relapse. No relations were found between implant failures and gender, age, smoking status, type of microvascular free flap, radiation therapy, chemotherapy and prosthesis type.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Maxillo-mandibular reconstruction with microvascular free flap and rehabilitation with implant-supported prostheses after ablative surgery in squamous cell carcinoma patients can be considered as an acceptable procedure with successful outcomes.

INTRODUCTION: To examine the amount of apically extruded debris produced by different rotary systems in curved root canals and to find out the effect of gravitational forces on extrusion.
METHODS: Ninety-six severely curved root canals were instrumented with; Twisted File Adaptive (SybronEndo, Orange, CA, USA), WaveOne (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), ProTaper Next (Dentsply Maillefer) and Mtwo (VDW, Munich, Germany) systems. Each group was divided into two subgroups of maxillary and mandibular considering their location and a trial model was used as a phantom head to simulate the upper and lower jaws. The amount of extruded debris was weighed using a 10-5 microbalance.
RESULTS: The location of the tooth and the instrument used had no significant effect on the amount of extrusion (p> 0, 05). When the gravitational force was considered regardless of the instruments, significantly more debris was extruded in teeth with mandibular location (p< 0, 05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: All rotary instruments caused apical extrusion of debris. Instrument technique and gravity has no impact on the amount of extruded debris.

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a complex disease characterized with partial or complete obstruction of the upper respiratory tract and oxygen desaturation. The prevelance is high and a lot of people suffer from this disorder all around the world. The most common results of OSAS are upper airway collapse, snoring and respiratory arrest. Diagnosing and treating is of fundamental importance, and involves multiple specialties cooperating. Full overnight polysomnography (PSG) is the gold standard for diagnosis. The treatment options should be choosen according to the severity of the disease and patient’s expectations. Treatment options are divided into two as surgical and non-surgical options. Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) treatment, oral appliance therapy and mandibular advancement surgery are the commonly preferred treatment modalities. CPAP treatment is still accepted as the gold standard in treatment of OSAS. The mandibuler advancement appliance is preferred by the clinicians and the patients, due to their ease of use when compared with CPAP treatment. The aim of this review is to report current diagnosis and treatment methods related to OSAS in terms of choosing and applying the appropriate treatment method to the patient.

INTRODUCTION: Evaluation of Turkish dentists’ awareness and attitudes towards COVID-19 transmission on different surface types and prosthodontic practices.
METHODS: An electronic questionnaire system was used in this study involving dentistry students, graduate dentists, and prosthodontists. A survey with 9 questions was prepared for the participants, and forms in which all questions were answered were included. Data were analyzed using the SPSS V23 program and chi-square test (p <0.05).
RESULTS: 39.1% of the participants were students, 39.3% were dentists and 21.6% were prosthodontists (N = 3400). The riskiest prosthodontic practices in terms of COVID-19 transmission were identified as tooth preparation (p=0.027) and abrading dentures (p=0.031). While awareness of the viability time of the virus for aerosol varied between groups (p = 0.003), no difference was found in terms of other surfaces (plastic, stainless steel, paper/cardboard, copper) (p> 0.05). Prosthodontists' awareness was found to be significantly higher in the evaluation of aerosol-generating activities (p = 0.024). During dental treatment, a positive attitude towards plexiglass box use was observed in all groups (p = 0.680).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: During COVID-19, dentists showed sufficient awareness of aerosol formation and risk. Although there is positive attitude towards protective equipment, the current level of knowledge about surface types needs to be upgraded.

Prevelance of dental caries and periodontal diseases may be higher in hemophilic patients than others. Primary reason of this fact is not providing aqeuate oral hygiene in fear of hemorrhage. However the possibility of bleeding increases with the neglect of oral hygiene. Thus, regular tooth brushing and dental check-ups are important for hemophilic patients. Dentists must be in contact with the patient’s haematologist. Patient must be given the necessary oral hygiene motivation and appointed for regular check-ups. By this means dental caries can be noticed early and treated without the need for more invasive procedures like root canal treatment or extraction. Many researchers suggest not to use local anesthesia during restorative treatment in order to avoid any hemorrhage. Treatment plan must be carried out with the minimum need of factor replacement therapy to avoid the risk of development of antibody and inhitibitors. The aim of this review is to inform dentists about the dental approach of hemophilic patients and remind medical doctors about the importance of oral health in these patients.

Prosthetic treatment requires careful diagnosis and treatment planning. The communication between dentists and dental technicians is very important for making ideal prosthesis. This communication may be interrupted when insufficient records are received or when the records are damaged during the transfer phase. The aesthetics and functions of dental prostheses are affected by the orientation of the occlusal plane relative to the sagittal and frontal plane. The use of facebow may be useful in ensuring the ideal position of the occlusal plane. Technological developments and innovations in Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) offer many facilities in dentistry. Fully digitalization has brought many advantages, including more predictable clinical results, less fitting sections, shorter chairtime, easier data storage and transfer, reproduction of the same prosthesis when necessary. The benefit of using facebow has been questioned many times and many studies have argued that the use of facebow is not beneficial. However, digitally produced maxillary and mandibular models in digitalized dentistry have great problems with orientation to each other, to Temporomandibular joint and to face. Spatial coordinates are needed in the orientation of the maxillary model to the face and to provide the maxillo-mandibular relationship. The use of analog or digital facebows, which enable us to achieve these coordinates, is still necessary. Digital facebows have the advantages against analog facebows; such as does not have any uncomfortable earbuds and thus have more patient comfort and have simpler application stages.