INTRODUCTION: To investigate the influence of different antioxidant protocols derived from Hypericum perforatum L. on bleached enamel-resin bond strength.
METHODS: Two hundred bovine incisor enamel samples were allocated randomly to 8 groups (n=25): NK (Negative control)=No Bleaching, PK (Positive control)=Bleaching+Immediate Restoration, ER=Bleaching+Delayed Restoration, 10SA15=Bleaching+10% Sodium Ascorbate-15 min, 5SK15=Bleaching+5% Hypericum Perforatum-15 min, 5SK30=Bleaching+5% Hypericum perforatum-30 min, 10SK15=Bleaching+10% Hypericum perforatum-15 min, 10SK30=Bleaching+10% Hypericum perforatum-30 min. All groups except NK were bleached with %16 carbamide peroxide (6 h/dayX7). Composite restorations were performed immediately in the NK, immediately after bleaching in the PK, 15 days after bleaching in the ER, and immediately after the application of relevant antioxidant solutions in the other groups. Shear bond strength (SBS) analyses were performed at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. SBS data, recorded as megapascal (MPa), were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey HSD tests at 0.05 significance level.
RESULTS: Mean(±SD) SBS values (MPa) were as follows: NK=22.99(±1.36)a, PK=10.63(±0.95)b, ER=19.89(±1.86)c, 10SA15=18.56(±1.47)d, 5SK15=14.43(±1.40)e, 5SK30=15.14(±1.17)e, 10SK15=17.16(±1.44)f, 10SK30=18.31(±1.50)df. Means with same superscripts were not statistically different (p>0,05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Hypericum perforatum-derived 10HP30 protocol exhibited an antioxidant efficacy that was statistically similar (p>0,05) to sodium ascorbate-derived 10SA15 protocol in terms of improving the compromised resin SBS to bleached enamel.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) adjunct with free gingival graft (FGG) on keratinized tissue width (KTW) and vestibular depth (VD) gain and dimensional changes of FGG.
METHODS: Thirty-one subjects presenting insufficient attached gingiva in their mandibular anterior area were treated with FGG+LLLT (test, n=15) or FGG+placebo LLLT (control, n=16). LLLT was performed with power of 0.1W-6J/cm2 for 60 seconds with non-contact mode immediately after surgery and on 1st-3rd-7th-14th days. Graft sizes in vertical/upper/lower dimensions, KTW and VD of the mandibular anterior region were measured with digital caliber.
RESULTS: Changes of graft dimensions were not different between groups during study period. Graft’s vertical and upper width decreased on 1st-3rd months compared to baseline (p<0.05), however, changes in lower horizontal width did not differ in both groups (p>0.05). It was determined that VD measurements increased significantly in 1st-3rd months in both groups, and the gain in 3rd month in test group was significant compared to control (p <0.05). KTW showed a significant increase in 1st-3rd months in test compared to control (p <0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that LLLT may be utilized to increase VD and KTW following FGG.

INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the influence of different adhesive cements on the microleakage of proximal surfaces in class II indirect composite resin restorations.
METHODS: Twenty-four human extracted caries-free third molars were selected. Standard class II cavities were prepared on the mesial and distal surfaces with margins located above the cementoenamel junction (CEJ). Cavities were standardized by fixing the handpiece in a parallelometer during preparation. Treatment groups were divided into 4 cements: GCem LinkAce (GCm) (GC, Japan), Panavia F 2.0 (P) (Kuraray, Japan), RelyX U200 (Rx) (3M ESPE, USA), Superbond C&B (SB) (SunMedical, Japan) and control (V) (Variolink II, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein). In each tooth, the mesial cavity was set as the experimental and the distal as a control. Restorations were fabricated with an indirect composite resin (Gradia; GC, Japan) and luted into cavities. Specimens were thermocycled (5-55Cº,5000 cycles) and immersed in 50% silver nitrate solution for 24 hours. The teeth were sectioned mesiodistally and evaluated for microleakage using digital image analysis (24x; Leica optical microscope, Germany). The ordinal scale used was: 0-4 (0= no microleakage and 4= dye penetration along axial wall). Mean values for each group were recorded and statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. (alpha=0,05)
RESULTS: There were no significant differences among occlusal microleakage of all groups (GCm: 0; P: 0,17±.0,4; Rx: 0 and SB: 0,17±.0,4) (P>0,05). The least microleakage (μm±SD) was recorded for GCm and Rx self-adhesive cements for occlusal (0.00; 0,00) and gingival (0,83±0,4; 0,50±0,5) parts, respectively. The highest microleakage was noted with SB and P at the gingival parts (2,0±1,4; 1,5±0,84), respectively and the difference was significant compared to the other groups (P<0,05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Tested self-adhesive dual-curing resin cements exhibited simulated long-term microleakage stability while self-curing resin cement yielded highest microleakage.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to compare the location, frequency, and oral hygiene status of oral mucosal lesions in children with fixed orthodontic treatment with healthy children with malocclusion and not receiving orthodontic treatment.
METHODS: Our study consisted of a total of 240 patients, 140 (80 girls and 60 boys) children who received fixed orthodontic treatment and 100 (50 girls and 50 boys) children with malocclusion and without orthodontic treatment. The incidence, type and location of oral mucosal lesions have been determined. The gingival index and plaque index were used to determine the oral hygiene status of the patients.
RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was found between the patients receiving fixed orthodontic treatment and the control group in terms of the incidence of oral mucosal lesions (p=0.744). However, oral mucosal lesions were more common in individuals treated. The most common oral mucosal lesion in the study group was keratosis, followed by contusion, erythema and ulcer.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: More oral mucosal lesions are observed in children who receive constant orthodontic treatment due to trauma. Maintaining good oral hygiene and preventing orthodontic appliances from causing trauma can reduce inflammation and reduce the occurrence of oral mucosal lesions.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the curvature on the amount of apically extruded debris caused by three NiTi systems using different kinematics via including straight and severely curved root canals.
METHODS: 84 severely curved and 84 straight mature root canals were instrumented with; Twisted File Adaptive (TFA), ProTaper Next (PTN) and WaveOne Gold (WOG) systems. The extruded debris and irrigant was collected into pre weighed glass tubes and weighed by using a 10-5 microbalance after the evaporation of irrigant. The effect of curvature on debris extrusion were analysed with t test and the amount of debris extrusion between the file systems was compared with One-way ANOVA test at a 0.05 level of significance.
RESULTS: Within each file system, the amount of extruded debris was similar for curved and straight canals (p > 0.05). The tested instruments showed no significant differences in amount of extruded debris for both straight and curved root canals (p > 0.05), with the following ranking order: PTN > WOG > TFA.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that all the tested instruments with different kinematics caused debris extrusion and the curvature of the root canal has no effect on apical debris extrusion.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the dental emergencies and treatment methods according to clinical complaints in patients who referred to our faculty, and treated by oral and maxillofacial surgeons, during the initial period of COVID-19 pandemic.
METHODS: This retrospective study was carried out the patients who referred to Triage Clinic of School of Dentistry, Ege University for dental emergency, and treated by the oral ad maxillofacial surgeons, between March and April 2020.All data were recorded as follows: demographic variables, recourse definition, oral findings, and clinical follow-up including the treatment and precaution methods. Data were classified as percentage (%), mean (±) and standard deviation (SD).
RESULTS: A total of 95 patients (41 females, 54 males; mean age of 38.51 ± 16.80) were evaluated in the study. According to the Emergency Classification in Dentistry, 45.3% of the patients (N = 43) had oral abscess or bacterial infection related to localized pain and swelling. Treatment methods were defined as a tooth extraction in 60% of the patients (N = 57).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In this retrospective study, tooth extraction, as a radical treatment with nominal aerosol risk, was the most preffered treatment method in patients who referred to the Triage Clinic during COVID-19 pandemic. The earnings in COVID-19 pandemic brought to the agenda the necessity of preparing appropriate protocols for each healthcare center to set an example by future pandemics. Therefore, it is thought that the guidelines including the precautions related to patient and physician may provide a data for a possible epidemics in worldwide.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the short-term outcomes of synthetic bone grafts using with injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) for treatment of peri-implant defects.
METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted the patients who treated with dental implant in maxilla, and GBR using synthetic bone graft in combination with i-PRF, between January 2018 and January 2019. The change of augmented buccal bone width was measured on cone beam-computed tomography images taken immediately and after 6th months. Marginal bone loss was calculated on periapical radiographs taken at 3th and 6th months following prosthetic loading. Also, the survival rate of dental implants was evaluated at 1 year follow-up.
RESULTS: A total of 20 patients’ record (8 males and 12 females; age range 33 to 56; mean age 45.75 ± 6.43) were analyzed. That the decrease of augmented buccal bone width and marginal bone loss have been observed at a low rate, however, the differences were statistically significant (p <0.001). The mean survival rate of dental implants was 98.64%.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The use of synthetic bone graft in combination with i-PRF showed positive results. However, long-term randomized studies with larger sample sizes are needed to support the outcomes of this retrospective study.

INTRODUCTION: The use of osseointegrated implants as an endoestal anchorage device to provide support for dental prostheses is a reliable and widely accepted treatment modality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term clinical performance of a dental implant system.
METHODS: One hundred fifty-five consecutive patients (71 men, 84 women), aged between 18 and 72 years (mean: 54 years) participated in this study. A total of 500 implants (internal; BioHorizons, Birmingham, AL, USA) were inserted. The cases were examined retrospectively in order to evaluate the clinical efficiency of BioHorizons implants placed and to determine the success rate of implant supported prostheses after a 5-year follow-up period. All implants were assessed clinically and radiographically on a yearly basis.
RESULTS: The 5-year cumulative success rates for maxillary and mandibular implants were 98.7% and 99.6%, respectively. Among all examined implants, 4 failed to osseointegrate before loading, they were surgically removed and were considered as early failures. Failed implants were not associated with any clinical signs of periimplant infection with suppuration. The most common prosthetic complication was abutment screw loosing.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of the observation period and sample number, the present findings confirmed sufficient success and survival rates for the implants placed in mandible as well as implants placed in the maxilla after a 5-year period.

Current developments in restorative dentistry have been recorded theoretically and practically in recent years. Short and long term evaluation in the dental practice in consideration of the developments of conventional knowledge and current studies will ensure the continuity of scientific progress. Regular monitoring of old restorations is very important in terms of evaluating the materials and techniques used in dentistry. As a result of the evaluation of posterior direct composite restorations, it may be decided to repair, retreatment or solely follow the restoration. Correspondingly, the quality of treatment and patient satisfaction will increase. This review aims to make evaluations based on scientific criteria and to be expressed in a universal language.

In recent years, the development of laser application fields in dentistry was in line with the devepolment of laser devices with different properities. The rapid progress of laser technology, improving flexible fiber tips for laser applications, and a better understanding of the effect of lasers on biological tissues had enabled the application of different types of laser in endodontic treatments. It was stated that smear layer, which is formed during the canal preparation on the canal walls, should be removed due to many reasons including that smear layer may limit the effects of disinfection materials on dentin tubules, it affects on the canal sealers penetration and adhesion to the dentin tubules, and the bacterial contents of smear layer. In order to remove the smear layer and debris, the use of lasers with conventional methods have been invistigated in many studies. Thus, the aim of this review was to identify the studies which investigated the application of lasers in removing smear layer from the root canal walls.

As the esthetic demands increase, new materials and techniques are getting developed.Using these new innovations,the patients meet their esthetic demands and the long-term success of the restorations increase.Full ceramic restorations proved themselves covering the esthetic demands successfully in literature but they have to be examined in terms of microleakage and marginal adaptation which are the key factors for the longevity of fixed restorations.
The aim of this review is to compare the full ceramic restoration materials in terms of marginal adaptation fabricated with different methods and systems.
An electronic search was performed in PubMed to identify the articles published in dental journals in the period from 2000 till now.
The search included all peer-reviewed studies published in English.“CAD/CAM”,“Dental Ceramics”and “Marginal Adaptation” were used as the MeSh(Medical Subject Heading)keywords.The initial search retireved 174eligible studies.Some of them were eliminated in terms of irrelevance.In total, 49 studies were included in the review.The bibliography of the included studies’ were examined for the supplementary publications.There are a few classic studies included as well from 1970’s.
The insufficiency of the long-term in-vivo studies regarding full ceramic restorations leads the researchers’ opinions to in-vitro studies.However,there are a small number of studies which include wide range of study groups.