INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to look at color change and surface roughness values of composite, compomer, resin modified glass ionomer cement (RMCIS), and pediatric prefabricated zirconium crown materials after they were stored in various solutions.
METHODS: Total of 210 samples were made from composite, compomer, and RMCIS materials for this study(10x3mm). Spectrophotometer was used to determine the initial color values of the samples, and profilometer was used to determine surface roughness values. Samples were then submerged in analgesic suspension solutions including distilled water(control group), cola, cherry juice, strawberry milk, iron syrup, two distinct colorants; On the 1st,7th,28th days, color measurements were taken once more. Using the two-way ANOVA analysis(p<0.05), differences in surface roughness(Ra) and color change values(ΔEab) were assessed.
RESULTS: As a result of the 28-day evaluation, color change values of RMCIS were the most significant(p<0,05), meanwhile prefabricated zirconium crowns weren't statistically significant(p>0.05). Surface roughness were significantly affected by the variables(p<0,05), Composite group had the greatest surface roughness values, followed by RMCIS and compomer material.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The study found that type of beverage consumed with diet had an influence on color stability and surface roughness of the restorative materials; it was also discovered that exposure times affect the changes that occur.

INTRODUCTION: It is thought that caries seen in primary molars increases the risk of caries formation in permanent first molars. The aim of this study is to evaluate caries rates in the primary and permanent first molars of patients who needed the extraction of a permanent first molar.
METHODS: Examination forms containing the codes obtained from the Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) Index value of the primary and permanent first molars of 236 patients between the ages of 7 and 9 who needed the extraction of any permanent first molar were examined retrospectively. The Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient was used to explore the correlations of the CAST codes among the evaluated teeth.
RESULTS: At least one primary molar was lost due to caries in 70.8% of the patients. Permanent first molars, except for those that were indicated for extraction, showed significant rates of morbidity (42.8%) and serious morbidity (37.3%). When CAST codes of permanent first molars and the adjacent primary molars evaluated, positive correlation was found for 16/55, 36/75, 46/85.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The health status of both primary and permanent first molars of children who required the extraction of any permanent first molar tooth was on a very low level.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to investigate the antibacterial activity of different pulp-capping materials after completed setting reactions against Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Enterococcus faecalis.
METHODS: The antibacterial activity of four materials (Dycal-Dentsply, TheraCal LC-Bisco, ProRoot MTA-Dentsply and Biodentine-Septodont) was tested by agar-diffusion method. The standardized disc-shaped specimens were prepared in plastic-molds in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions (n=6). The specimens were placed in the wells prepared in agar-medium (Tyriptic Soy Agar-Merck) after completed setting reaction. Antibacterial activity was evaluated by measuring the inhibition zones around the materials after 24, 48 and 72 hours of incubation.
RESULTS: Among the materials, limited inhibition zone (16±1 mm) against Streptococcus mutans was detected only in Dycal group at 24, 48 and 72 hours. The limited diffusion was observed against Enterococcus faecalis in Biodentine group, but this did not result with inhibition zone.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In the limitations of this in vitro study; the tested pulp-capping materials did not represent antibacterial activity after the completed setting reaction. A limited zone of inhibition against Streptococcus mutans was observed only in Dycal group. Further studies are necessary to clarify the antibacterial-action mechanism of pulp-capping materials and to develop innovative materials with high antibacterial activity.

INTRODUCTION: The dentistry curriculum for oral and maxillofacial surgery internship should comprise bleeding control, correct intervention to abnormal bleeding, knowledge of hemostatic agents, and applications. This study aimed to determine the level of knowledge and attitudes of a group of Turkish dental students regarding bleeding intervention, hemostatic agents and anticoagulants after clinical practice during internship.
METHODS: A three-part survey was given to dental students from September 2018 to June 2019.Section 1 asked about students’ competence in bleeding intervention with eight questions. Section 2 assessed students’ knowledge of hemostatic agents with three questions. Section 3 addressed students’ knowledge of anticoagulants with four questions. Students were asked to self-rate their knowledge of bleeding intervention, hemostatic agents, and anticoagulants on a scale of 1 to 5.
RESULTS: A total of 1150 students from different universities in Turkey participated in the study. The fifth-year students performed better on all questions, and their total score was statistically significantly higher; male students rated themselves higher than female students. In sections 2 and 3, which measure the knowledge level of students, the percentage rates were higher than in section1.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The dental students’ attitude toward and knowledge of bleeding, hemostatic agents and anticoagulants were at a moderate level. In addition, regardless of the group, the ability to use electrocautery was poor in all students.

INTRODUCTION: In this study, it is aimed to evaluate the videos about the impacted mandibular third molar tooth extraction procedure with Turkish content on YouTube™.
METHODS: Video searches were carried out on the YouTube™ platform with three keywords determined by the Google Trends application. The videos evaluated by two independent referees are divided into 4 categories according to their quality. Additionally, videos are classified according to GQS scores. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney U tests were used to evaluate the quantitative data. Chi-square test was used in the evaluation of classified qualitative data.
RESULTS: When the videos were evaluated according to the upload source, it was observed that 9 videos were uploaded by doctors and 13 videos were uploaded by other users. When the videos were evaluated according to the content quality, it was concluded that 9 videos were bad, 9 videos were poor, 3 videos were good and 1 video contained excellent quality information. It was observed that the rate of watching the videos uploaded by the doctors was significantly higher (p: 0.03).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The majority of Turkish-language videos on the impacted mandibular third molar tooth extraction procedure on the YouTube™ platform are insufficient and of poor quality as a source of information.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to investigate the micro-shear bond strength of caries-affected dentin, using three universal adhesives either the self-etch or etch-and-rinse strategy.
METHODS: A total of 180 resin composite cylinders (n=20 in each group) were bonded to caries-affected dentin tissue (A total of 90 carious human mandibular molar teeth were used, with 2 resin composite cylindrical samples on each tooth) using three universal adhesives [All Bond Universal (ABU), Futura Bond Universal (FU), (Single Bond Universal (SBU).] with, or without, acid etching and three conventional adhesives [Clearfil Tri-S Bond (TSB), Clearfil SE Bond (CSE), Single Bond 2 (SB2).]. After 5000 thermo-cycling rounds, a universal test device micro-shear bond strength test was realized at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min to evaluate the bond strength of samples the debonding surfaces were assessed under the SEM. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey's Post-hoc tests were used to analyse the data.
RESULTS: While acid etching increased the bond strength of FU significantly (p=0.003), it decreased the bond strength of SBU significantly (p=0.002) and did not change the bond strength of ABU (p=1.00).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The bond strength of universal adhesives on caries-affected dentin with, and without, acid etching depends on which universal adhesive system was used.

INTRODUCTION: To comparatively evaluate the maximum fracture forces of restorations made using different materials in standard MOD cavities prepared in mandibular teeth.
METHODS: 30 lower molar teeth were divided into three groups. MOD cavities were prepared into the teeth. Teeth in the first group (PK) were restored using Gaenial Bond and Gaenial posterior composite resin. Teeth in the second group (FGK) were restored using Gaenial Bond, EverX Posterior, and Genial Posterior composite resin. Inlay restorations were prepared using Gradia in the third group (IK). The teeth subjected to the thermal cycle process were connected to the universal test device and the fracture values were determined. Data were analized using one-way analysis of variance (One-Way ANOVA), SPSS 15.0 software (p<0.05).
RESULTS: While the average maximum fracture force values of the groups were PK, the lowest was IK. It was observed that there was no statistically significant difference between the three groups. When the fracture types were examined, all samples in the group PK, 3 samples in group FGK, 9 samples in IK group were broken that they could not be repaired.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It was seen that all three groups were successful in terms of durability and could be used safely in lower molars with MOD cavities.

INTRODUCTION: It is aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different mechanical cleaning methods on implant abutment surfaces in vitro and to compare the changes they cause on the surfaces.
METHODS: 20 Ti healing abutments were used to mimic the abutment surfaces. Healing abutments, the buccal side of which was stained with red ink and the lingual side with green ink, were placed on the analogue plaster model and 5 cleaning methods were used: metal (Gracey) and titanium curettes, metal/plastic tip ultrasonic scalers and air abrasive system with erythrole+CHX powder. Percentages of ink remaining on the surfaces of the cleaned healing abutments were calculated by color analysis software. Surfaces were analyzed with SEM images.
RESULTS: Air abrasive system was the most effective method in removing %91.63% ± 2.39 of ink. Metal curette group showed the least effectiveness at removing %56.99 ± 1.61 ink. At SEM analysis, metal and titanium curettes and ultrasonic scaler groups caused significant damage to the surfaces. Air abrasive system was the method that caused the least damage to the surfaces.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Air abrasive system provided more effective and safer results in mechanical cleaning of titanium surfaces compared to other methods. Curettes and ultrasonic scaler groups caused significant damage to the surfaces.

Introduction: Regenerative endodontic treatment is a successful alternative to traditional root canal treatment in necrotic persistent primary teeth.
Case Description: Congenital missing of mandibular right second premolar tooth and periapical radiolucency and mobility in the persistent mandibular right primary molar were detected in a 12-year-old male patient. A two-visit regenerative endodontic treatment protocol was performed. Root canals were accessed and irrigated with 20 ml of 1.5% NaOCl followed by saline solution. Ca(OH)2 was applied and the cavity was temporarily sealed. Two weeks after, Ca(OH)2 was removed with the saline solution and each canal was irrigated with 20 ml of 17% EDTA. Bleeding from the periapical region was evoked with K-files 1-2 mm beyond the apex. After the formation of a blood clot approximately 2 mm below the cementoenamel junction, the canal orifices were sealed with MTA. The teeth were restored with composite restoration. Based on clinical and radiographic follow-up of 22 months, the healing of the periapical lesion and the lamina dura was observed. The tooth was asymptomatic and responded positively to the cold test.
Conclusion: It can be thought that regenerative endodontic treatment can be an alternative to traditional root canal treatment in persistent primary teeth with necrotic pulp.

The goal of this report was to describe the one-year success of complete pulpotomy in a young permanent molar with signs and symptoms of irreversible pulpitis. The left mandibular permanent second molar had a significant carious lesion, according to the preoperative clinical assessment. The patient described sudden, sharp pain that got worse in the heat and cold. The tooth responded to the electric pulp test and continued pain when cold test was performed. A deep carious lesion was visible on the periapical radiograph. Clinical and radiological evaluation revealed symptoms of irreversible pulpitis. Pulp exposure happened during caries removal, and coronal pulp tissue was amputated to the level of the canal orifices. The bleeding was stopped within six minutes with sterile saline-moistened gauze. Following the application of MTA as a pulp dressing, the tooth was restored with composite resin. The pulpotomized molar tooth was clinically functioning and symptom-free throughout a twelve-month follow-up period. Additionally, radiographic analysis showed that the periodontal ligaments around the roots were healthy and the roots had fully developed. For young, underdeveloped permanent teeth with irreversible pulpitis, complete pulpotomy may be a less intrusive option to root canal therapy.

Adenomatoid hyperplasia is a rare non-neoplastic, localized, and asymptomatic hyperplasia of minor salivary glands. Even though its etiology has not been clearly identified, local trauma may play an active role in the development of this lesion. Adenomatoid hyperplasia originating from minor salivary glands is most commonly observed in the palatal region, and less frequently in the buccal mucosa, labial mucosa, and retromolar area. Ultrasonography (USG) plays an important role in the differential diagnosis of adenomatoid hyperplasia, as in the differential diagnosis of other soft tissue lesions. However, histopathological examination should be applied in order to determine a definitive diagnosis. Treatment of adenomatoid hyperplasia is performed by excision under local anesthesia, and recurrence is usually not observed after surgery. The recognition and detailed examination of adenomatoid hyperplasia lesions are important in terms of distinguishing other nodular lesions and salivary gland-derived neoplasias with similar clinical appearance. In this case report, a 70-year-old female patient presented with an adenomatoid hyperplasia lesion in her right buccal mucosa is discussed with clinical, ultrasonographic, and histopathological findings.

The aim of these case reports was to describe the non-surgical endodontic treatment of teeth with cyct-like large periapical lesions. Treatment options for teeth with large periapical lesions include conventional non-surgical root canal treatment, apical surgery, and even extraction. It was reported that the treatment of teeth with large periapical lesions should be done with orthograde root canal treatment as the first option. It was reported that endodontic treatment with calcium hydroxide, which is used as an intracanal medicament, gives successful results in long-term follow-ups. These case reports described the non-surgical endodontic treatment of teeth with large cyst-like periapical lesions. A conservative treatment approach is a priority and rational treatment approach. It has been shown that the primary treatment approach should be endodontic treatment in teeth with cyst-like large periapical lesions and this treatment method gives successful results.

Orthodontic treatment modalities are preferred to be beneficial to the patient’s health to eliminate the crowding due to the incompatibilities between the teeth and jaw size and to obtain properly aligned teeth. For obtaining necessary space in this treatment; tooth extraction, expansion, protrusion, distalization and IPR(interproximal enamel reduction, stripping) methods can be performed. IPR is the name of the process given to the removal of enamel from the mesial and distal contact surfaces of the teeth in a controlled manner. It was described by Ballard in 1944.The fact that it provides a faster orthodontic treatment compared to tooth extraction treatment and is more comfortable for the patient than tooth extraction is one of the reasons why it is widely preferred in mild and moderate crowding cases today. It is widely used by clinicians in daily practice not only to provide space, but also to remove excess boltons, correct spee curve, arrange the contacts of round-shaped teeth to bring them closer to the ideal tooth form, increase the stabilization of the dental arch, and eliminate black triangles. The purpose of this review is to inform the readers by explaining the stripping (IPR) procedure, the techniques used to perform the procedure, and the possible complications.

Managing dental pain and anxiety during dental treatment is an essential topic in clinical dental practice. Feeling pain during administration of local anesthetic is one of the major causes of dental fear. Lots of alternative methods have been discovered recently to overcome these challenges. Computer-controlled local anesthesia devices have been developed to reduce pain during local anesthetic administration and provide more comfortable dental experience. Aim of this review is to provide an overview of computer controlled local anesthesia systems.