INTRODUCTION: Local anesthetics are commonly used by dentists. The aim of this survey study is to investigate dentists' knowledge of local anesthetics, local anesthetic toxicity, and lipid emulsion therapy, and to raise awareness on this issue.
METHODS: The study was carried out with dentists working in Bursa province of Turkey. The participants were asked to fill out a survey form addressing local anesthetics, local anesthetic toxicity, and lipid therapy.
RESULTS: Although the targeted participant number was 600, only 17% of the participants completed the survey. The average age of the participants was 40.71 years with the average working experience of 16.91 years. Of all participating dentists, 52.9% was women and 55.9% was working at institutions affiliated to the Ministry of Health.According to the survey results, 19.6% had encountered with the cases of local anesthetic toxicity; 59.4% had never heard of lipid emulsion therapy whereas 2.1% knew with lipid emulsion therapy.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Considering the fact that toxicity can be fatal, dentists should have adequate information about local anesthetics, local anesthetic toxicity, and the treatment of toxicity. Instructions regarding the management of lipid emulsion treatment should be prepared in every institution for the treatment of local anesthetic-induced systemic toxicity and kept in a readily accessible place.

INTRODUCTION: The objectives of this study were to explore dental students and dental professionals preferences for certain types of gloves and the reasons for these preferences, as well as determining their knowledge and behavior concerning the use of dental gloves as a means of protection.
METHODS: Data were collected from 181 dental students, 122 dental professionals by answering the questions such as “What are the reasons for preferring certain types of gloves?, How often do you change your glove and mask?”.
RESULTS: 44.9 percent of respondents said they prefer gloves in a certain type. “Provider allergies” was most frequently reported as a reason for glove preference. Some respondents wrongly believed that gloves provide full protection, thought that gloves provide protection as long as there is no visible tear.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It was observed that the students and the academic staff showed awareness over the average value and informed about the infectious diseases and displayed a correct approach to the patient. Nonetheless, the findings may include dentistry trainers; warns students about the importance of education about infection and prevention methods; it follows the science and technology supporting the advice guides and warns the academic staff about comprehensive and practical applications about infection control.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this investigation were to compare the marginal and internal fit of single-unit crowns fabricated using conventional and two different digital impression systems.
METHODS: Totally 3 groups of samples were prepared for the study, and 10 samples were included for each group. In the group of C1, direct digital impressions were obtained from master model by using intraoral scanner CEREC AC Omnicam (Sirona Dental Systems, Bensheim, Germany) and crown production were made with IPS-e max CAD (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein,Germany) material. For group C2, porcelain- fused-to metal crowns with Co-Cr copings were produced with conventional impression methods from IPS Classic Ceramic (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein, Germany).In the group C3, plaster model was scanned with extraoral scanner (InEos X5,Sirona Dental Systems, Bensheim, Germany) and the crowns were fabricated via computer aided design from IPS-e max CAD material. The ‘replica technique’ was applied to evaluate marginal and internal discrepancy of restorations. According to the datasets obtained from replica technique, statistically significant differences among the impression techniques were evaluated with Oneway Anova ve Tukey HSD tests (α: .05).
RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference between the groups according to the mean marginal and internal gap values (p=0.001; p<0.01). The lowest values for marginal (46.8-68.5 μm) and internal (85.1-111.4 μm) gap parameters were obtained in Group C1.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In terms of marginal and internal fit parameters, it has been determined that the crown restorations produced by direct digital method provided the best results.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of third molar teeth on panoramic radiographs in adults aged 50 and older individuals and to evaluate the pathologies associated with these teeth.
METHODS: In this study, 300 panoramic radiographs of 50 years and older patients were evaluated. Third molar tooth prevalence, impacted teeth and position, conditions and pathologies related to these teeth were examined.
RESULTS: There were 272 third molar teeth in 300 patients evaluated in the study; 115 of them were seen in the maxilla and 157 of them in the mandibula. 13.2% of 272 third molars were seen as impacted teeth. 3.3% of 272 teeth were observed to be healthy teeth without any pathology.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In middle aged and older individuals, the possibility of third molar tooth appearance is high in the mouth; severe pathologies such as cysts / tumors are seen rarely, but caries-related conditions and periodontal pathologies are common. It was found that the impacted third molar teeth in middle aged and older individuals were more common in males than females. The most common position of the impacted third molar teeth in middle-aged and older individuals was vertical.

INTRODUCTION: The objective was to evaluate one year clinical performance of composite veneers applied with different techniques.
METHODS: The first 15 teeth were restored with an indirect technique with Esthet•X HD (Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany), the next 15 teeth were restored with a direct approach with Ceram•X duo (Dentsply DeTrey). At baseline, 6 and 12 months, the restorations were evaluated using modified Ryge criteria, pocket depth, plaque index and gingival index. Mann Whitney U test was used in evaluating clinical criteria. Friedman test was used for pocket depth measures. Differences in plaque and gingival index were analysed by Fisher’s exact test and Proportions test.
RESULTS: Regarding Mann Whitney U test, only the marginal discoloration criteria was statistically significantly different between the groups (p≤0.05). In the indirect group, the pocket depth and gingival index scores were increased at 6 month recall and these increases were statistically significant (p≤0.05). Direct technique was found to be statistically significantly better than the indirect technique (p≤0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Based on the findings of this study, both composite veneer techniques may be a good treatment option for patients with esthetic problems in anterior teeth. However, early discoloration rate, complex approach with preparation, impression and luting are the disadvantages for indirect technique.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to describe the successful outcome of apexification treatment with MTA plug on devital permanent teeth.
METHODS: This prospective study included 20 teeth in 17 patients aged between 13-36 years. Necrotic remnants or root canal treatment materials were removed. Root canals were biomechanically cleaned and filled with calcium hydroxide for 3-4 weeks. When the teeth were asymptomatic, final irrigation was done with 5% EDTA, 2.5% NaOCl, distilled water and 2% chlorhexidine. After drying root canals, MTA was placed as the apical plug. 2-5 days later, the root canals filled by gutta-percha or fiber posts; then coronal restorations were completed with composite resin. Patients were recalled for 3, 6, 9 and 12 months clinical and radiographic follow up. In a blind evaluation, the teeth radiographs were examined with PAI scala, according to the criterias that are modifications of evaluation procedures used by Simon’s study in 2007.
RESULTS: At the 6-12 months clinical examination all of the 20 cases were asymptomatic. 18 of the cases were classified as ‘successfull’ radiographycally and clinically. 2 of them showed ‘relative success’.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: MTA is a potantial apical barrier material. Apexification treatment with MTA plug on permanent teeth showed favourable results.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of customized healing abutment on dimensional changes of periimplant soft and hard tissues after immediate implantation.
METHODS: A total of 26 patients (16 females and 10 males, aged between 20 and 58 years) (mean ± SD 32.78 ± 11.51) were included in this study. 28 premolar teeth with a hopeless prognosis were randomly distributed to the test and control groups in equal numbers. Following tooth extraction, implants were placed, custom and standard healing cap placed in test and control group. Cone beam volumetric tomography (CBCT) was obtained after 1 week and 6 months to evaluate changes in vestibular bone thickness and gingival thickness at the neck level of the implant. Vertical dimensional changes of interdental papillas were evaluated using standard photographs that taken at baseline and after 6 months. Parametric tests were used to evaluate intra- and inter-group coefficient and to determine correlations between variables.
RESULTS: Twenty-seven implants completed the study protocol. CBCT measurements showed significant bone resorption at the crestal point of the implant in both groups (p <0.0001). Horizontal bone resorption was found to be significantly lower in the test group compared to the control group (p <0.01). At the same measurement point, gingival thickness increased in the test group and decreased in the control group (p <0.0001). The difference between the groups was statistically significant (p <0.0001). According to the standardized photographs, significant papillary loss was found in both groups. Inter group comparisons showed that the dental papillae loss were significantly higher in control group (p <0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Even though the standardized and customised healing abutments do not prevent bone and dental papillae loss around the implants in immediate implantation, utilization of customised healing abutments decreases the amount of tissue loss by 6 months.

INTRODUCTION: Aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of ozone therapy on wound healing after gingivectomy and gingivoplasty operations as a model of secondary intention wound healing.
METHODS: 23 systemically healthy individuals (12 female and 11 male) participated in this study. Gingivectomy and gingivoplasty procedures were performed. One quadrant received ozone treatment and the contralateral side was considered as control side in all patients. After postoperative 3 days, a plaque disclosing agent was applied and standardized photographs were taken. Photographs were evaluated in a digital image program and wound areas were measured as millimeter squares. Postoperative pain was evaluated via a visual analog scale. Patients were called at 3rd, 7th and 14th days after surgery.
RESULTS: Test sides showed significantly lower stained surface areas compared to the control sides on the postoperative 3rd, 7th and 14th days. VAS scale results showed significant differences between groups in terms of pain and discomfort. Patients reported significantly lower pain on the postoperative 3rd day, however, there were no significant differences in postoperative 7th and 14th days.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Within the limitation of the present study, ozone treatment improved the wound healing process after gingivectomy and gingivoplasty surgeries along with the decrease in postoperative pain.