INTRODUCTION: Prevention of dental trauma and management of post-traumatic process requires sufficient knowledge, rapid decision
making and immediate action ability. Complications canmay be prevented by the parents having sufficient knowledge and awareness
about the prevention and management of dental trauma. The aim of this study is to investigate parents' knowledge level and attitudes
about primary and permanent tooth injuries in children.
METHODS: The study included 300 parents who consulted for routine dental investigation and treatment to the Kahramanmaras Sutcu
Imam University Faculty of Dentistry Paediatric Dentistry for their children. Parents were expected to sign the informed volunteer
consent form and respond to the questionnaire forms.
RESULTS: The percentage of correct answers of the parents is 67.8% for all the questions that measure the knowledge level towards
dental trauma. 97.67% of parents reported that they had not received any education towards dental trauma. 80% of parents stated
that they wanted to get more information about dental injuries, while 13.67% stated that they were undecided about this. The
knowledge level of the parents regarding to the treatment of primary tooth intrusion, permanent tooth crown fracture and avulsion was
found insufficient.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Parents' knowledge level towards dental trauma is insufficient regardless of age and gender criteria. It is
a positive finding that they were aware of refer to the dentist following the injury and interested in education about trauma.

INTRODUCTION: Pulpectomy can keep primary teeth healthy and functional until the permanent tooth eruption when the pulp is affected irreversibly/necrosed due to caries/trauma. There is a wide variety of paste materials used in pulpectomy. Currently, the most preferred material is calcium-hydroxide pastes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the radiographic success of root-canal treatments performed on mandibular-primary molar teeth using calcium-hydroxide-iodoform containing paste retrospectively.
METHODS: 232 mandibular primary molar teeth with root-canal treatment in 3-10 year-old patients who applied to our clinic between 01.04.2016-01.06.2019 were included in the study. Initial, final, follow-up X-rays were evaluated as successful/unsuccessful according to lesion and pathological resorptions. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square and Pearson’s correlation tests with %95 confidence and p value was 0,05.
RESULTS: The success rate according to the radiographs was 75%. During the follow-up period, it was observed that 12,1% of the teeth had internal resorption and 33,2% had external resorption. There was no significant correlation between the indication of tooth extraction, lesion, internal and external resorption formation, and the amount of filling of the canals.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In accordance with the literature, the results of our study showed that root canal treatments in primary teeth have a high success rate.

INTRODUCTION: In this study was aimed to evaluate the color stability, water sorption and solubility of denture base materials added with different forms (cubic and tetragonal) zirconium oxide nanoparticles (nano-ZrO2) after thermocycling.
METHODS: After two different forms of nano-ZrO2 were modified with silane coupling agent, they were added to PMMA powder by 1 % in weight. Test specimens prepared with chemically polymerized acrylic resins [Meliodent (Group M), Paladent (Group P)] were divided into three subgroups (1% cubic nano-ZrO2, 1% tetragonal nano-ZrO2 and without nano-ZrO2). A total of 240 specimens, including 10 from each subgroup, were prepared. Half of the test specimens were stored in distilled water as control group. While the other half, the thermal cycle was applied. The data were obtained using spectrophotometer for color measurements and desiccator device for water sorption and solubility. The data of all test specimens were evaluated statistically.
RESULTS: In cubic and tetragonal nano-ZrO2 added Groups M, the color change of test specimens stored in distilled water was found to be higher when compared with those of the thermocycling (p<0.05). The water sorption and solubility results of the cubic nano-ZrO2 added Group P gave statistically significantly higher values than the Group M (p<0,05). In both tetragonal nano-ZrO2 added test groups, water sorption and solubility values increased after thermocycling (p<0,05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Both cubic and tetragonal nanoparticles added test groups displayed clinically unacceptable color change (ΔE> 3.7). Based on the results of water sorption and solubility, the addition of the tetragonal nano-ZrO2 may be recommended for use in base materials as a filler.

INTRODUCTION: Determination of how to change the vertical magnification coefficient(MC) in panoramic radiographs with various head position errors in different regions and alveolar bone levels of jaws.
METHODS: Steel spheres of same size were equally spaced to three levels of alveolar bone in 28 teeth regions on a skull model and a total of 15 panoramic radiographs were obtained with ideal position and angulation in the horizontal, sagittal and coronal planes. Then, the vertical dimensions of the spheres were lowered from the center to the vertical and measured twice by the observer.
RESULTS: A total of 252 measurements were obtained. High concordance was found between the two measurements(interclass correlation coefficient= 0.986). There was a statistically significant difference in MC between ideal and other positions in terms of the regions(p <0.05). For alveolar bone levels, there was no difference in the normal position, while a statistically significant difference was in the other positions(p< 0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Even panoramic radiographs with minor errors of position, MC varies irregularly. Besides, in the ideal position it was found MC in mandibula was less than maxilla and was closer to given by the manufacturer. Therefore, considering the MC given by manufacturers, vertical measurements can be performed on ideal panoramic radiographs.

INTRODUCTION: Dental trauma is an important and common oral health problem, the prognosis of which varies, depending on the time elapsing. This study was carried out to evaluate levels of knowledge of dental trauma and avulsion management among senior students in different faculties.
METHODS: The sample size was determined using G*Power software. A 21-item questionnaire was sent to senior students via e-mail or social media. A standardized scoring method was used to assess the knowledge level. Descriptive statistics, and the chi square and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used for data evaluation.
RESULTS: Three hundred thirty seven senior university students (106 dentistry, 122 medicine and 109 education) were enrolled in the study. The response rate was 76%. Most of the participants stated that dental injuries constitute an emergency condition (93.2%). In terms of median knowledge scores, the university students in the four groups were ranked as dentistry> medicine> education. The primary tooth was identified at a higher rate than the permanent tooth in cases of avulsion.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In general, senior university students’ knowledge concerning avulsion emergencies is not at the desired level. Awareness of trauma management in the undergraduate curriculum needs to be improved as a matter of urgency.

INTRODUCTION: The use of whitening toothpastes is constantly increasing in the current period. Due to the whitening active ingredients of these toothpastes, their toxic effects may be higher than normal toothpastes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the cytotoxicity of four different whitening toothpastes on L929 cells by XTT method in vitro.
METHODS: Various concentrations were prepared from whitening toothpastes to tested in study; Signal Expert Protection Beyazlık (Unilever, London, England), Signal White Now (Unilever, London, England), Colgate Optic White Parıldayan Beyazlık (Colgate-Palmolive, New York, USA) and Sensodyne Truewhite (GlaxoSmithKline, London, England). 200 μl of prepared concentration was added to L929 cell cultures in 96-well plates and the well plates were kept in an incubator for 24 hours. Viability of L929 cells were determined by XTT [2,3-Bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-Sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium] test. Shapiro-Wilk, one-way ANOVA and Tukey test performed for statistical analysis.
RESULTS: All concentrations of all toothpastes were found to be cytotoxic except for 1/8 concentration of Sensodyne Truewhite. If we need to list the toxicity of tested toothpastes, it can be said that Sensodyne Truewhite<Colgate Optic White Parıldayan Beyazlık<Signal White Now <Signal Expert Protection Beyazlık.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Cytotoxic effects were seen at all tested whitening toothpaste. It is recommended to be careful in their use.

INTRODUCTION: Fluoride treatment has a critical role in preventive dentistry and oral health. Determining the level of information that patients can access via YouTube is considerable for the knowledge of clinicians about the patient's approach to treatment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the quality of information on YouTube videos about fluoride treatment.
METHODS: In Google Trends on November 14, 2019, fluoride treatment was identified as the most popular keyword and 86 videos of the first 120 videos were included. The content was evaluated considering some sub-topics on 10 points score. Video information and quality index (VIQI) was evaluated using a 5-point score. Statistically, Mann Whitney-U, Chi-Square and Spearman correlation analyses were performed.
RESULTS: 86 videos were divided into two groups as low content (%66.3, n=57) and high content videos (%33.7, n=29) considering the total content scores of each video. A significant difference was found in the total VIQI scores (p <0.001) and video lengths (p = 0.003) between groups. The most frequently mentioned content was professionally-applied topical fluoride treatments (76.7%). 51.2% of the videos were uploaded by the dentist/specialist.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Although most of the videos were uploaded by dentists and specialists, the contents were insufficient.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to evaluate the bond strength of fiber posts bonded with bulk-fill and self-adhesive composites to root dentin.
METHODS: In this study, 30 extracted human mandibular premolars with a single root and a single canal were used. The tooth crowns were cut from the enamel-cement line, the crowns were removed and root canal treatment was performed. After the post spaces were prepared according to the post length, the roots were randomly divided into 5 groups according to the material used (n = 30). In the study, 5 resin-based materials; RelyX U 200 (3M ESPE, Neuss, Germany), Grandio Flow (VOCO, Cuxhaven, Germany), Vertise Flow (Kerr, California, USA), Filtek Bulk Fill Flowable (3M ESPE, Neuss, Germany), SDR (Dentsply, UK). was used. Horizontal sections with a thickness of 1 mm were taken from all roots and a push-out bond strength test was applied. Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA and Tukey HSD Post-Hoc tests.
RESULTS: RelyX U200 showed the highest bond strength value (P<0,05). Vertise Flow showed lower bond strength value compared to SDR. (P<0,05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: RelyX U200 can be used safely in post applications.

INTRODUCTION: Physical, esthetic, mechanical characteristics and chemical similarity, high compatibility with the dental hard tissues and long-lasting survival in the oral cavity are the requested characteristics of restorative materials. The aim of this was to evaluate the microhardness of surface coated high viscosity glass ionomer and compomer.
METHODS: In our study encapsulated high viscosity glass ionomer (Fuji IX GP Extra, GC, Belgium), compomer (Dyract Extra, Dentsply, Germany) and two surface coats(Fuji Varnish/ G-Coat Plus, GC, Belgium) were used. Microhardness test was done in the first week, first month and third month. Microhardness was statistically analyzed using ANOVA, Tukey, Dunnett T3 and Bonferroni tests(p=0,05).
RESULTS: Microhardness values of all glass ionomer cement groups significantly increased in the first week and first month(p<0,05). In the compomer group, microhardness decreased by time however difference was not statistically significant. Surface coating had a significant benefit on glass ionomer cement restorations at the end of the first week and first month(p<0,05), however at the end of the third-month surface coating application had no significant effect on microhardness of glass ionomer cement.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In this study, it was concluded that the microhardness of the nano-filled surface coated high viscosity glass ionomer cement and compomer restorations can be used in pedodontics clinics.

Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is one of the malign epithelial salivary gland tumors. It is frequently observed in parotid gland and rarely in minor salivary glands. It constitutes 2% of all salivary gland neoplasms. Ultrasonography (USG), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) are frequently used imaging methods in the diagnosis of SDC originating from minor salivary glands. However histopathological examination is considered as the gold standard in the final diagnosis of the lesion. SDC of minor glands cases are mostly localized in the palate, to a lesser extent in the tongue, lips, buccal mucosa and retromolar trigon. In this case report, the clinical importance of SDC localized in posterior buccal mucosa of a 64-year-old male patient is discussed in the light of radiological and histopathological findings.