The aim of the present review is to provide an overview to the extracellular matrix molecules, the interactions between the matrix and cells in relation to periodontal/ health and diseases.
Gingivitis and periodontitis remain to be the most common chronic inflammatory diseases affecting humans. The structure and composition of gingival extracellular matrix is important not only for inflammation, but also for wound healing and drug-induced gingival/ overgrowth. Extracellular matrix of gingiva comprises collagens, noncollagenous proteins, proteoglycans and their receptors. Clarification of the interactions between the epithelium and connective tissue as well as cells and the extracellular matrix may provide important information upon the pathogenic mechanisms acting in gingivitis and periodontitis. Such substantial knowledge may eventually lead to manipulation of periodontal cells, development of new treatment approaches, guiding the tissue regeneration and identification of individual susceptibility factors.

A century of research has provided a comprehensive description of caries initiation and progression. Factors responsible for variation in susceptibility between individuals, however, are not as clearly defined.
Are there hereditary factors that modify caries development? Is there a genetic component to caries susceptibility and resistance - and if so, what are the pathways of genetic expression?
Researchers have pursued three major approaches in investigation of dental caries and genetics: Familial studies, twin studies and comparative studies of caries-resistant and caries-susceptible people.
This report explores genetic components that appear related to caries resistance and susceptibility. Increasing knowledge in this field will lead to identification of individuals at particular risk of denfal decay and will help in planning rational strategies for
management and prevention.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to comparatively investigate the cleansing efficacies of Cetrexidin (0.2% Chlorhexidine gluconate, 0.2% Cetrimide) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCI) as working solution and final irrigating solution under scanning
electron microscope.
Methods: Twenty freshly extracted, single-rooted maxiIIaIf anterior teeth were divided info 5 groups of 4 each. In group 1, Cetrexidin was used as both working and final irrigating solutions; in group 2, 5.25 % NaOCI (working solution) and Cetrexidin (final irrigating solution) were used; in group 3, 5.25 % NaOCI was used as both working and final irrigating solutions. While saline solution was used as both working and final irrigating solutions in positive controls, 5.25 % NaOCI (working solution) and EDTA followed by a NaOCI (final irrigating solution) were used in negative controls.
Results: At all levels, root canals in group 1 exhibited less debris lhan root canals in groups 2 and 3 (p<0.05). At the coronal and middle third, less smeared material was apparent in group 1 lhan in group 2 and 3 (p<0.05). However, at the apical third, all groups showed heavy amountof smeared material (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Cetrexidine which was used as both working and final irrigating solutions produced more effective root canal cleanliness than both Cetrexidine used only as a final irrigating solution and 5.25% NaOCI used as working and final irrigating solutions.

Objectives: The aim was to study the etficacy of low level laser therapy (LLL Tj and splint-LLL T combination in the treatment of myofacial disfunctions and organic disorders of TMJ.
Methods: LLL T was applied to two groups with muscular and TMJ disorders. The group having TMJ disorder received splint-LLL T combination therapy. The effectiveness of treatment was studied in both groups by means of visual analogue scale and clinical investigations.
Results: Although LLL T presented successful results in disorders of muscle origin, it was inadequate in patients with TMJ disorders. However, splint-LLL T combination was successful in treatment of TMJ disorders.
Conclusion: With appropriate indication, LLL T may have a high success in disorders with muscle origin. It may alsa be etfective in eradicating the symptoms in TMJ disorders with the addition of splint.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the cariogenic effect of sucrose and xylitol by bacteriological tests.
Methods: 20 Swiss albino rats were inoculated by Streptococcus mutans CCUG 6519 serotype c and fed with sucrose-xylitol containing diets for 90 days. Dental plaque samples were collected at the and of the experiment. S. mutans and total bacteria counts were calculated.
Results: S. mutans and total bacteria counts in plaque samples were statistically significantly higher in sucrose group than the xylitol group (p<0.001)
Conclusion: The results showing that S. mutans counts were tower in xylitol group confirmed that xylitol as a sucrose substitute could not be fermented by S. mutans when added in different percentages.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of amitriptyline in the treatment of bruxism.
Methods: Patients with complaints of bruxism or individuals who were, in the clinical examination, traced to have symptoms and signs of bruxism and muscle pain was assessed by Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and oral opening was evaluated clinically.
Results: It has been observed that amitriptyline significantly decreased or eliminated bruxism and the related muscle pain, and increased oral opening.
Conclusion: It has been determined that amitriptyline may have a significant effect in the treatment of bruxism.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate periodontal bone loss in radiographies of single foored teeth free of local factors.
Methods: Bone lass around 1667 teeth of 279 patients were determined by a denfal gauge on periapical radiographs. Intermaxiller statistical analysis of bone lass was conducted by ı-test. One way analysis of variance was used to highlight the differences between tooth groups.
Results: Periodontal bone lass was observed to be higher in the lower jaw. Incisors showed more bone lass rhan all other tooth groups followed by bicuspids and cuspids.
Conclusion: Significant bone loss patterns were observed between tooth groups. Root surface area might be one of the reasons, however, within the limits of this study this hypothesis cannot be investigated.

Objectives: The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the resistance of enamel adjacent to glass ionomer cements to demineralization.
Methods: Ketac-Silver, Chelon-Fil and Durafil were used as restorative materials. Demineralization areas formed in enamel without restoration were taken as control sites. Acetic acid solution buffered with sodium acetate involved calcium and phosphate at pH 4 was used for demineralization. The effects of these materials were compared by microhardness profiles.
Results: The results indicated that Ketac-Silver, to a certain extent, was the best material for inhibition of caries-like lesions adjacent to restoration in enamel, followed by Chelon-Fil and Durafil, respectively. However, enamel adjacent to all of these materials gave higher hardness values than control sites.
Conclusions: It is clear that flour is an important element for reducing demineralization and increasing remineralization. However, addition to flour, the other elements released from the materials may also be effective in the process.

Objectives: Assessing the medical history of patients before any periodontal treatment is a crucial part of the treatmeni The aim of the present study was to examine the frequency of medical conditions in periodontal patients using a self-administrated health questionnaire.
Methods: Medical histories were obtained from a total of 713 periodontal patients consisring of 385 female and 325 mele aged 11-82 in Ege University School of Dentistry Department of Periodontology using a standard self-administrated health questionnaire.
Results: Of 713 (45.4%) patients examined, 324 reported a positive finding in their medical history, with cardiovascular diseases (22.02%) and hepatitis (11.78%) being the most frequently found medical condilion. Among the cardiovascular diseases, hypertension (59.2%) was observed to be most frequently seen disorder. Drug allergies and diabetes mellitus were other widely found medical disorders in this study group (6.45% and 5.61%, respectively). The frequency of medical conditions was found to increase with increasing age.
Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that a thorough evaluation of the patient's medical history is an essential step in the management of periodontal patient.

Objectives: The purpose is to study the effect of surfactants which are used to increase the wettability of denfal wax.
Methods: Materials that are particularly developed in dentistry in order to increase the wettability of wax (Aurofilm, Seoothex, Dipol) are compared with alcohol and detergent derivatives and mixtures. Goniometer and sessite drop technique were utilised to measure the contact angle. Moreover, an alcohol-detergent mixture was fesred on complete dentures and its effect on; surface quality was evaIuated.
Results: All the surfactants used in the study have significantly changed the wettability of wax (pConclusion: Major drawbacks of wax which is used on many stages of constructing prosthesis is low wettability. Making use of surfactants in order to increase wettability will directly affect the success of prosthetic procedures which require utmost care.

Objectives: The purpose of this in vitro and in vivo study was to evaluate the differences between the dres used for detectian of caries during cavity preparation and to find out whether they would present paralfet results with that of conventional criteria.
Methods: This study was organized in two parts; as in vitro and in vivo. In the in vitro part of the study, three caries detector dres, commercialfy available as Acid Red, Ouadrant and Sable Seek were compared, together with laboratory made %0.5 basic fuchsin, on forty extracted teeth with caries. The in vivo part was accomplished using three commercialfy available dres on sixtypatients. In both parts, dres were scored depending on their staining properties and dyesstained enamel denline junction of the cavities were recorded. The results were analysed by utilizing Kruskal-Walfis and Mann-Whitney U tests.
Results: In the in vitro part, white basic fuchsin showed an extensive and concentrated staining, the other three dres were not different from each other in their staining properties (pb0.05). In the in vivo part of the study, it was found that three dres did not display any significant difference from each other (pb0.05).
Conclusion: The cavities, decided via conventional criteria to be free from caries were stained with caries detector dres. The microbial disturibution of the stained region has to be re-examined via developed bacterial analysis techniques. Additionaly, the caries detecra, dres have to be developed to stain either bacteria or the specific degradation products during the caries process.

Objectives: The sim of this study was to assess electromyographically (EMG) the efficacy of stabilization splint in the treatment of bruxism.
Methods: EMG activities of the masseter muscles were recorded in 20 patients with bruxism before and after splint treatment. EMG standardization problem was alleviated by use of an activity asymmetry index.
Results: it has been found that the difference between right and left muscle activities decreased or completely disappeered after the splint treatment.
Conclusion: Utilisation of a stabilization splint in the treatment of bruxism in order to remove excessive muscle activity has been proven successfully. Post-treatment asymmetry index values tower than pre-treatment values indicate that a talanca has been established between the right and the left masseter muscle activites.

Objectives: Poor metabolic control of diabetes mellitus has often been associated with the severity of periodontal disease. The aim of this report was to present a 15 year-old male with localized aggressive periodontilis who had a history of Type i DM.
Methods: The patient had received medical, clinical, and radiographic periodontal examination. In addition, peripheral blood analysis was done as well. He had a non-surgical periodontal treatment, and medical management of his diabetes was performed at the same time.
Results: Clinical evaluation revealed severe periodontal breakdown around upper and tower incisor teeth, and upper right first molar tooth. Radiographic examination showed localized severe alveolar bone loss around upper and tower incisor teeth, and upper right first molar tooth. Medical examination revealed no pathological findings except for growth retardation, defared puberty, and limited joint mobililyo Laboratory tests showed that his diabetes was poorly controlled. The phagoburst activities of neutrophil and monocytes and the relative amount of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were found to be normal. The HLA phenotype of the patient was A1, A23(9), B35, Bw6, HLA-CW4, HLA-CW6, OR1, OR1?, OR52, 006.
Conclusions: In the present case report, no outstanding defects could be detected in the host defense mechanisms of the patient. These findings suggest that other molecular mechanisms and genetic factors might play a role in the pathogenesis of localized aggressive periodontitis associated with Type i diabetes.

Prosthetic treatment has to be individually planned for children and adolescents with hypodontia or hypoplasia since their dental status shows many variations. The study presents two cases (one with odontodysplasia and the other with non-hydrotic ectodermal dysplasia) treated with conus crowns and acrylic resin complete denture. The secondary part of the telescopic system was prepared using acrylic resin. This gives the opportunity to make further changes according to the changing size of the jaw and tooth number of a young patient. As a conclusion, telescopic overdenture type prosthesis is a good alternative to treat young patients with hypodontia or structural disturbances.